Given a binary shift register of $n$ bits, a primitive binary nonlinear feedback shift register will generate a sequence with a period of $2^n - 1$.
While I am unable to find a paper which directly describes the methods, the paper A List of Maximum Period NLFSRs has just came up on eprint, which lists all NLFRSs with a period of $2^n - 1$, for $n < 25$.
Does anyone have links to papers describing the construction methods for such primitive binary nonlinear feedback shift registers?